Iron Age timber structure found on Main River bank
A uniquely preserved 2,400-year-old timber structure has been discovered on the River Main in Bavaria. Archaeologists date the oak beams to 372-352 B.C.
Construction workers in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, have uncovered a 2,400-year-old timber structure in an exceptional state of preservation. The Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (BLfD) states the find is unique in Germany for its age, construction method, and condition.
Radiocarbon dating of the oak timbers places their felling between 372 and 352 B.C. The structure was found during work on a rainwater overflow basin at the Willigis Bridge. It formed part of a larger stone wall complex on the banks of the River Main.
Purpose and construction
Archaeologists do not yet know the complex's function. Dr. Stefanie Berg, Head of the Department of Archaeological Monument Preservation at the BLfD, suggests it may have protected access from the river to a settlement. A wooden platform extended toward the water, possibly for docking boats and handling goods.
The construction demonstrates advanced craftsmanship. Builders adapted it to the damp subsoil, a task requiring considerable effort. Dr. Berg notes the project was a major undertaking. "It required many people, sound planning, and a great deal of work," she said.
The oak was felled and processed in the nearby Spessart region. Both timber and stone were transported via the River Main. On site, workers erected dry-stone walls and precisely fitted the heavy beams. Dr. Berg believes the prominent building signaled a place of significance that its inhabitants knew how to defend.
Preservation and study
To preserve the timbers, they are being recovered, cleaned, and kept in water to prevent drying. Each beam will undergo laser scanning to create 3D models for remote study. Marks from Iron Age axes and adzes have already been recorded, promising new insights into ancient carpentry.
A crane has already lifted the first third of the heavy timbers. After stabilization, a selection will go on public display at the Aschaffenburg Abbey Museum.
Ongoing excavation and public access
Excavations will continue through the end of the year. A multidisciplinary team of archaeologists, architects, geoarchaeologists, and archaeobotanists is examining the structure, surrounding soil, and plant traces.
The public can view the excavation site on September 13, Open Monument Day, with a BLfD archaeologist as a guide. The find shows the regional importance of the Celtic settlement that preceded Aschaffenburg.
For Open Monument Day, the Aschaffenburg Abbey Museum will exhibit Celtic artifacts found in the city, some never shown before. This display will complement the ongoing research into the newly discovered timber complex.
